Publications
Explore an archive of Hafed Al-Ghwell’s publications, ranging from academic papers to opinion pieces and columns. The archive spans Hafed’s contributions to the fields of Middle Eastern and North African studies, particularly in the fields of security, migration, energy, sustainability, and the nuanced dynamics of US and EU foreign policies in relation to the region.
The rise of the Global South and what it means for the North
The Global South Summit in India on August 17 reflects the rising demand for reshaping the international order by historically marginalized nations. With a GDP growth of 4.7% compared to the Global North's 2.1%, the Global South's economic clout…
For North Africa, crisis is actually good
North African political elites are leveraging global crises to strengthen their power. Algeria has gained prominence due to the European energy crisis following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, increasing gas exports and adopting assertive foreign policies.
Fresh approach needed if Daesh is to be defeated
Ten years after declaring itself a caliphate, Daesh remains a persistent threat despite major territorial losses. At its peak, it controlled vast lands and conducted global attacks. Though weakened, Daesh has adapted to asymmetric warfare…
Reform, not the ballot box, is the cure for Tunisia’s woes
As Tunisia heads for a pivotal election in October, the country's fragile democracy and citizens' realities hang in the balance after three tumultuous years under President Kais Saied.
For aid workers in South Sudan, no good deed goes unpunished
Escalating violence against humanitarian workers, particularly local staff, is a growing yet underreported crisis in conflict-prone regions. In 2023, the death toll for aid workers nearly doubled, with almost 300 fatalities…
Fragmented Libya is a hot spot for many emerging threats
The southern Mediterranean shores are increasingly plagued by geopolitical tensions, exacerbated by Libya's crises of arms trafficking and migration. The post-2011 destabilization of Libya led to a proliferation of small arms and light weapons…
Can we finally agree that UN’s Libya mission is not working?
Nearly fifteen years after a supposed "awakening," Libya remains crippled by division, conflict, and self-interested actors masquerading as supporters. The country is trapped between the Government of National Unity in Tripoli and the eastern…
Crackdowns on US college protests serve only to disenfranchise youth and miss the point
American universities, long heralded as bastions of free speech and engines of social change, now face a troubling decline in their handling of the Palestinian solidarity movement. Recent events at Columbia University, where over 200 pro-Palestinian…
What does Egypt-Turkiye rapprochement mean for Libya?
The rapprochement between Turkiye and Egypt marks a pivotal shift in regional diplomacy, with profound implications for the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa, particularly Libya. This thawing of relations, highlighted by diplomatic exchanges and President…
The West needs to rethink its strategy in the Sahel
Political instability, coups, and the rise of violent extremist groups are alarming trends in West Africa and the Sahel. These regions face serious challenges like weak governance, economic decline, and insecurity…
What the world continues to get wrong about Libya
In the ongoing efforts to stabilize Libya, the upcoming Sirte National Reconciliation Summit faces significant hurdles due to entrenched divisions within the country and the influence of foreign actors. Past diplomatic initiatives have struggled to address Libya's complex political landscape, and the Sirte summit is no exception.
Political tremors in Chad are felt much further afield
The Sahel, spanning 4,000 miles along the Sahara's southern fringe, faces heightened instability, with Chad becoming the latest hotspot. Recent violence in N’Djamena underlines the region's precarious security dynamics, amplified by sociopolitical unrest and economic despair. Chad's internal strife, stemming from years of authoritarian rule…
Al-Sudani’s clear vision of ‘Iraq First’
In a region swarming with geopolitical turmoil, Iraq, under Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani, faces a critical moment in its quest for reconstruction and national identity. Al-Sudani's ‘Iraq First’ vision aims to assert sovereignty amid external pressures and internal divisions, reflecting Iraqi aspirations for stability and progress. There are plenty of challenges…
Tunisia’s permanent state of flux
Since the Jasmine Revolution, Tunisia has grappled with political and economic instability, pushing the country into a persistent state of uncertainty. Recent actions signal a troubling trend toward autocratic governance. With 2024 being an election year, Tunisia faces mounting challenges driven by economic regression and fiscal imbalances…
The Houthis are the epitome of 21st-century non-state actors
The emergence of the Houthi movement as a significant non-state actor in the Middle East and North Africa region, particularly in Yemen, presents far-reaching implications for regional power dynamics, global trade, and security.
Libya slowly settling into a permanent stalemate
Libya's pursuit of stability since the Arab Spring has been fraught with challenges, leading to a perpetual stalemate exacerbated by internal strife and external interventions. Despite the country's vast oil wealth, aspirations for democracy have faltered, leaving Libya in a state of political and social disarray.
New approach needed on Libyan disarmament
As the UN grapples with Libya's intricate political landscape, it's evident that stability remains elusive, with national elections seeming increasingly unlikely. Armed factions, deeply ingrained in local communities, hinder progress towards unified security institutions and effective governance.
As the military junta looks increasingly vulnerable, what next for Myanmar?
Recent developments in Myanmar indicate significant progress for anti-government forces, leading to predictions of the regime's potential collapse. The resistance has seized critical border crossings and inflicted losses on the junta's forces, revealing vulnerabilities in its grip on power.
A distracted world cannot afford to ignore Sudan’s growing plight
Amidst six months of relentless civil war in Sudan, the scale of human suffering and devastation is staggering, yet overshadowed by global distractions like the conflict in Ukraine and the Middle East crises. Despite pleas for intervention, Sudan's plight worsens, with a growing health crisis…
Libya — another year, another all-too-familiar failure
Amidst global crises, the UN's efforts in Libya stumble, relying on flawed elite bargains and unrealistic deadlines that fail to address the nation's deep-rooted issues. Despite a push for elections, the current strategy risks entrenching corruption and perpetuating violence.