Publications
Explore an archive of Hafed Al-Ghwell’s publications, ranging from academic papers to opinion pieces and columns. The archive spans Hafed’s contributions to the fields of Middle Eastern and North African studies, particularly in the fields of security, migration, energy, sustainability, and the nuanced dynamics of US and EU foreign policies in relation to the region.
Libya – no new momentum in stalled aspirations
Amidst a decade of turmoil characterized by ineffective governance, competing authorities, external interventions, and sporadic violence, the recent appointment of Abdoulaye Bathily as the UN's special representative for Libya reflects a continuation of destructive patterns.
Egypt, Jordan and Iraq – a promising alliance
Enhanced regional cooperation in the Arab world holds immense potential for catalyzing change and mitigating conflicts. However, persistent fragmentation hinders progress, necessitating a shift towards deeper integration.
There is plenty of blame to go around in Libya
Once again, violence grips Tripoli as Libya's parallel authorities clash, perpetuating a cycle of conflict amid stalled UN-led dialogues. The struggle for control over oil revenues escalates tensions, with rival factions resorting to disrupting oil production…
Iraq gets deeper and deeper into a political quagmire
Ten months after the crucial parliamentary elections in Iraq, the nation remains trapped in an ongoing political deadlock. Despite initial hopes for change, the formation of broad coalitions representing Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish interests has failed to break the deadlock.
On debt, shocks, climate and geopolitics in the Arab world
In the face of convergent crises, including record food inflation and pre-existing socioeconomic challenges, Arab countries find themselves grappling with shrinking fiscal space and incomplete interventions. Rising debt levels, escalated by the pandemic and global supply chain disruptions…
In Tunisia, the dice is still rolling
President Kais Saied's recent consolidation of power in Tunisia is a move that has raised alarms about democratic regression. While Saied's supporters see his actions as a necessary response to Tunisia's political and economic challenges, critics view them as undermining the country's hard-won democratic gains.
Iraq stares into the void as public frustration grows
Recent protests in Iraq saw demonstrators storm the parliament in Baghdad's Green Zone, demonstrating ongoing political turmoil and public discontent. Despite decades of war, sanctions, and internal strife, Iraq continues to struggle with political gridlock, sectarian tensions…
Last hope for Tunisia
Tunisians are currently facing a crucial decision: whether to endorse a new constitution that consolidates power in a presidency reminiscent of the Ben Ali era or to revive the spirit of the Arab Spring and resist President Kais Saied's authoritarian ambitions.
A pivotal month for Tunisia
A decade ago, Tunisia's transition from autocracy to democracy sparked hope and optimism globally. However, President Kais Saied's recent power grab has reversed progress. Saied's moves, including dismantling the judiciary and proposing a new…
Non-security Challenges to Libya’s economy
Libya finds itself at a pivotal moment, navigating political turmoil and division a decade after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi's regime. Despite setbacks such as the collapse of national elections, the country's economic prospects remain promising, buoyed by its abundant resources and strategic location.
A cancer at the heart of Libya’s reemergence
Despite four months of high-level discussions, Libya's parliamentary chambers failed to agree on a constitutional framework for national elections, demonstrating yet another setback in the country's tumultuous post-2011 era. The UN's repeated reliance on unproductive negotiations…
Libya – a tale of two governments, again
In recent months, Libya has witnessed a resurgence of familiar tensions and power struggles between rival governments — reminiscent of past conflicts. The Tripoli-based Government of National Unity faces a serious challenge from the Government of National Stability in Sirte…
Need to build a more resilient Arab world
The Arab world faces many challenges despite predictions of economic growth. Regional coordination remains low, further accelerating the impact of shared threats such as climate change and geopolitical instability.
Arab Maghreb Union needs a whole new foundation
The Arab Maghreb Union, established 33 years ago, aimed to create an economic and political powerhouse in North Africa. However, due to a lack of political will and unresolved tensions among member states, the union remains dormant.
The harsh realities facing Lebanon as it approaches a moment of truth
Lebanon, once dubbed the ‘Paris of the Middle East,’ now serves as an epitome of state failures. The collapse of the economy, signalled by rising unemployment, poverty, and crime, is the result of a broken political system that prioritises consensus above competence.
Tunisia needs to repair its broken education system
The aspirations of young Arabs for fundamental changes in politics, governance, human rights, and economic development are hindered by structural deficits, particularly in healthcare and education. The failure to address these issues leads to…
A difficult decade ahead for the UN
The UN faces its greatest test yet amid global crises, with doubts arising about its efficacy in fulfilling its role as a force for global good. Despite well-defined mandates, interventions in hotspots like Libya and the Sahel…
The prospects for elections in Libya remain slim to none
In the ongoing political deadlock in post-civil war Libya, opposing factions refuse to compromise, hindering the transition process. Despite calls for collaboration, both sides remain unwavered, complicating efforts to find a resolution.
How to deal with the pandemic’s ‘shadow variant’
The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating global effects beyond public health, including economic collapse, crippled international trade, and increased inequality. Governments face challenges in mapping out sustainable paths to recovery, exacerbated by…
The shifting perceptions of the ‘new’ Middle East
Arab states' intervention in the Ethiopian conflict challenges conventional perceptions, signaling a shift in regional engagement towards transregional affairs for security and stability. However, there are a few misconceptions that persist due to outdated views…