Publications
Explore an archive of Hafed Al-Ghwell’s publications, ranging from academic papers to opinion pieces and columns. The archive spans Hafed’s contributions to the fields of Middle Eastern and North African studies, particularly in the fields of security, migration, energy, sustainability, and the nuanced dynamics of US and EU foreign policies in relation to the region.
The West needs to rethink its strategy in the Sahel
Political instability, coups, and the rise of violent extremist groups are alarming trends in West Africa and the Sahel. These regions face serious challenges like weak governance, economic decline, and insecurity…
What the world continues to get wrong about Libya
In the ongoing efforts to stabilize Libya, the upcoming Sirte National Reconciliation Summit faces significant hurdles due to entrenched divisions within the country and the influence of foreign actors. Past diplomatic initiatives have struggled to address Libya's complex political landscape, and the Sirte summit is no exception.
Political tremors in Chad are felt much further afield
The Sahel, spanning 4,000 miles along the Sahara's southern fringe, faces heightened instability, with Chad becoming the latest hotspot. Recent violence in N’Djamena underlines the region's precarious security dynamics, amplified by sociopolitical unrest and economic despair. Chad's internal strife, stemming from years of authoritarian rule…
Morocco’s struggle with water scarcity and food security
Morocco's agricultural sector confronts a critical dilemma amid climate change, balancing food security with water scarcity. Prolonged droughts and climate adversities pose significant challenges, affecting not only rural landscapes but also the broader economy.
Al-Sudani’s clear vision of ‘Iraq First’
In a region swarming with geopolitical turmoil, Iraq, under Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani, faces a critical moment in its quest for reconstruction and national identity. Al-Sudani's ‘Iraq First’ vision aims to assert sovereignty amid external pressures and internal divisions, reflecting Iraqi aspirations for stability and progress. There are plenty of challenges…
The Arab region must prioritize food security
Amidst rising global food insecurity, urgent transformation of food systems is imperative, especially in the Arab region. Current practices fuel environmental degradation and worsen food security gaps.
Tunisia’s permanent state of flux
Since the Jasmine Revolution, Tunisia has grappled with political and economic instability, pushing the country into a persistent state of uncertainty. Recent actions signal a troubling trend toward autocratic governance. With 2024 being an election year, Tunisia faces mounting challenges driven by economic regression and fiscal imbalances…
In this era of disorder, clinging to bipolarity helps no one
The once-dominant paradigm of a divided world between the ‘West’ and the ‘Rest’ is giving way to a more nuanced, multipolar global order. The West's influence is waning as diverse state and non-state actors assert their agency, challenging traditional alliances…
The Houthis are the epitome of 21st-century non-state actors
The emergence of the Houthi movement as a significant non-state actor in the Middle East and North Africa region, particularly in Yemen, presents far-reaching implications for regional power dynamics, global trade, and security.
Libya slowly settling into a permanent stalemate
Libya's pursuit of stability since the Arab Spring has been fraught with challenges, leading to a perpetual stalemate exacerbated by internal strife and external interventions. Despite the country's vast oil wealth, aspirations for democracy have faltered, leaving Libya in a state of political and social disarray.
Learning the lessons of France’s Sahel mission
France's withdrawal from the Sahel marks the end of a military-centered strategy that prioritized security over development, ultimately leading to a misalignment with regional needs and a deterioration of France's standing.
Climate change: Time for Middle East to seize the day
: In the Middle East, climate change exacerbates existing challenges, from economic volatility to conflicts, posing dire threats to the region's stability. Despite being at the forefront of warming impacts, the region also showcases leadership in climate diplomacy.
Iraq is at a crossroads — with Al-Sudani fighting a lone battle
Iraq faces a complex nexus of political, security, and economic challenges exacerbated by internal discord and foreign interference. The intertwining of state-aligned militia groups with political and security spheres complicates governance and undermines sovereignty.
Busy and momentous year ahead for the Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces a turbulent year ahead, characterized by geopolitical rifts, shifting power dynamics, and socio-political transformations. As nearly half of the world's population heads to the polls in 40 countries…
New approach needed on Libyan disarmament
As the UN grapples with Libya's intricate political landscape, it's evident that stability remains elusive, with national elections seeming increasingly unlikely. Armed factions, deeply ingrained in local communities, hinder progress towards unified security institutions and effective governance.
As the military junta looks increasingly vulnerable, what next for Myanmar?
Recent developments in Myanmar indicate significant progress for anti-government forces, leading to predictions of the regime's potential collapse. The resistance has seized critical border crossings and inflicted losses on the junta's forces, revealing vulnerabilities in its grip on power.
EU is doubling down on failed migration policies
Europe's migration policies toward North African countries, notably Tunisia, face scrutiny due to controversies and systemic human rights abuses. Despite significant spending on border management and externalization strategies, irregular migration persists…
How climate change endangers global trade
As the world gears up for COP28, the focus sharpens on the threat climate change poses to global trade. This is not a distant concern but a pressing reality, with rising temperatures already wreaking havoc on supply chains and critical infrastructure.
Russia’s plans for Libya could shift regional power balance
Moscow's deepening involvement in eastern Libya, particularly through its alliance with Khalifa Haftar, signals a significant geopolitical shift. Russia's strategic maneuvers, including plans for air and naval bases, highlight its intent to expand influence in the region.
A shift to ‘strategic interdependence’ could revive the EU’s troubled policy on North Africa
Europe's aspiration for strategic autonomy has waned in the face of geopolitical crises, prompting a shift towards strategic interdependence. This evolution necessitates reevaluating Europe's North Africa policy, which has been historically marred…